Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, a time of spiritual reflection, self-discipline, and devotion.
However, Islam also recognises that not everyone is physically capable of fasting.
Compassion and practicality are at the heart of Islamic teachings.
It ensures that those who are unable to fast due to genuine reasons are not burdened.
Certain individuals are exempt from fasting and are either required to make up the missed fasts later or provide compensation (fidya) by feeding the less fortunate.
Who Is Exempt from Fasting?
1. Children (Before Puberty)
Fasting is not obligatory for children who have not yet reached puberty.
However, many young Muslims are encouraged to gradually practice fasting for shorter durations to prepare them for full observance when they come of age.
2. Elderly Individuals
The elderly, particularly those who are physically weak or suffer from chronic illnesses, are exempt from fasting.
Since fasting could pose a risk to their health, Islam permits them to skip the fast and offer fidya (charitable compensation) by feeding a needy person for each missed day.
3. Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
Pregnant and breastfeeding women can delay fasting if they fear it may harm their own health or that of the baby.
Also, they can make up for the missed fasts later when they are in better condition, or if unable, they may also provide fidya.
4. Travellers
Islam provides ease for those who are travelling long distances (generally over 80-90 km).
If fasting while travelling causes undue hardship, they are permitted to skip the fast and make up for it at a later date.
However, if the journey is comfortable, some travellers still choose to fast.
5. People Who Are Sick or Have Medical Conditions
Individuals suffering from temporary illnesses can postpone fasting and make up for it later.
However, those with chronic illnesses, diabetes, or other health conditions where fasting may worsen their situation are permanently exempt.
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Instead, they can pay fidya by feeding the needy.
