The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics could cost China more than $38.5b, ten times higher than the country’s estimate of $3.9b.

The Chinese estimate had not taken into account additional costs such as transportation and sporting infrastructure, including constructing the Olympic village which cost about $3.1b.

Newly built venues such as the National Speed Skating Oval, estimated to have cost around $186.6m, have also reportedly not been included in the current list of costs.

In addition, China has repurposed several venues built for the 2008 summer Games, but it is unclear how much it spent to refurbish these.

Other expenses reportedly not factored in include the $9.2b spent on a driverless bullet train to transport people between Zhangjiakou and Beijing, a $773.5m subway line built specifically for the Winter Games and $514.1m invested in the Yanqing district.

China has also purportedly not included the spend on safety measures for its Covid-19 bubble, as well as environmental concerns.

The various costs mean the total price of Beijing 2022 would dwarf the estimated $13.6b Japan spent on Tokyo 2020.